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Closed-Ended Questions

Name: Dichotomous

Description: Question offering two choices

Example: Did you watch television at all yesterday?

Yes / No

Name: Multiple

Description: Question offering three or more choices

Example: Which of these shops do you prefer?

Next / River Island / Gap Top Shop/ Top Man

Name: Likert scale

Description: Statement with which respondent shows the amount of agreement / disagreement

Example: Assessment by course-work is easier than assessment by examination

Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree

Name: Semantic differential

Description: Scale is inscribed between two bipolar words and respondent selects the point that most represents the direction and intensity of his / her feelings

Example: The degree I am taking is.............

Interesting :_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____: Boring
Useful :_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____: Useless
Easy :_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____: Difficult

Name: Rank order

Description: Respondent is asked to rate or rank each option that applies. This allows the researcher to obtain information on relative preferences, importance etc. Long lists should be avoided (respondents generally find it difficult to rank more than 5 items)

Example: Please indicate, in rank order, your preferred car manufacturer, putting 1 next to your favourite through to 5 for your least favourite.

Ford

Vauxhall

Toyota

VW

Porche

Name: Numeric

Description: Respondent specifies a particular value (can include decimal places)

Example: How far (to the nearest kilometre) did you travel today to reach work?

________km

Advantages of Closed-Ended Questions

Quick to answer

Easy to code

No difference between articulate and inarticulate respondents

Disadvantages of Closed-Ended Questions

Can draw misleading conclusions because of limited range of options

Researcher / interviewer cannot deal with qualifications to responses e.g. "Yes, but….." or "It depends" where only Yes/No are given as options

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